Find out which drugs can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. The shocking truth about prescription drugs, medications, chemicals and herbals that can and do damage our ears. Ototoxic chemicals are chemicals that result in hearing loss introduction it is well documented that occupational noise exposure is a significant health hazard that leads to permanent noiseinduced hearing loss nihl and we have the national exposure standard for occupational noise to deal with this. Some of them, like the chemotherapy drugs, are more likely to have hearingrelated side effects, while others are less likely. Hearing loss tends to be bilateral, permanent and high frequency. When a solution of an aminoglycoside antibiotic is used on the skin together with an aminoglycoside antibiotic used intravenously, there is a risk of an increase of the ototoxic effect. Incidence of hearing loss has been reported at 1191% with an overall incidence of 69%. In the lists that follow, the generic name of the drug is given first, with the trade name, if available, followed in parentheses and capitalized. The larger group of medications that could be ototoxic whether it be hearing. Druginduced ototoxicity msd manual professional edition. Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear, specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug. Before prescribing any drug with ototoxic potential these group of high risk patients must be kept in mind. Salicylates such as aspirin in large enough doses may cause ringing in the ears and then a temporary decrease in hearing that ceases when the person. There are many medications that have been listed as potentially ototoxic drugs.
Advice on medical precautions, ototoxic drugs and ait. Audiological monitoring of patients receiving ototoxic drugs. The sources may include the drugs consumed by the patient on therapeutic or non therapeutic purposes and also the compounds present in the environment. Drugs that can cause hearing loss and tinnitus, league for the hard of hearing. Ibuprofen, acetaminophen and aspirin three of the most commonly used drugs in the united states can damage hearing, even if you only take them a few times a week it turns out that more than 450 drugs some prescription only, others over the counter can wreak havoc on hearing. American academy of audiology position statement and clinical. Certain medications can damage the ear, resulting in hearing loss, ringing in the ear, or balance disorders. Hearing and balance problems caused by these drugs can sometimes be reversed when the drug therapy is discontinued. Hearing loss can be a side effect of ototoxic medication and drugs. The american tinnitus association ata recognizes that the following ototoxic drugs may cause more permanent tinnitus symptoms. Why you should care about ototoxic medications the medel blog. Symptoms of ototoxicity begin with tinnitus and high frequency hearing loss. If the drug is overthecounter, you should ask the pharmacist for a recommendation of a less toxic drug. Concurrent exposure to ototoxic chemicals and noise many common industrial chemicals are ototoxic poisonous to the ears and as damaging.
Common medications associated with ototoxicity summary. The permanence and severity of the toxic onset varies not just on the drug itself but the duration of use, genetic predisposition, if there is renal failure occurring at the same time, and even coadministration with other common ototoxic drugs. In patients with head and neck cancer treated with cisplatin, about 50% develop hearing loss. About medications can affect ear function, potentially hampering balance and hearing. Fortunately, not everybody who takes one of these drugs will experience ototoxic side effects.
Ototoxicity monitoring 102009 3 introduction a variety of drugs, such as certain powerful antibiotics and some antineoplastic drugs generally used against poten tially lifethreatening diseases can cause auditory andor vestibular dysfunction. Concurrent exposure to ototoxic chemicals and noise. Oct 21, 2019 certain substances used in the workplace, referred to generally as ototoxic substances, can impact the cochlea and nerves in the ear, leading to hearing loss over time. Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear oto, specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug. Ototoxic substances unexpected causes of hearing loss in. The lowest effective dosage of ototoxic drugs should be used and levels should be closely monitored, particularly for aminoglycosides both peak and trough levels. The ototoxic effects of these drugs are enhanced when taken with. The panorama of druginduced hearing loss has widened over last few decades.
Druginduced damage to these structures of the auditory and balance system can result in hearing loss, tinnitus, and dysequilibrium or dizziness. Patients experiencing ototoxicity will initially complain of tinnitus or ringing in the ears due to. The ototoxic drugs that most commonly affect the cochlea are aminoglycosides, antimicrobial drugs largely used for treating gramnegative infections such as tuberculosis. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. Occupational ototoxins have not commanded as much attention, yet pose a significant health risk to our workforce. Pdf ototoxicity, drugs, chemicals, mobile phones and deafness. Aminoglycosides seem to potentiate glutamate receptors in the cochlea that promote degeneration of hair cells and cochlear neurons. In 2007 the american academy of pediatrics suggested that all infants with increased risk for hearing loss receive hearing screening between 24 and 30. Ototoxic medications northern virginia resource center for deaf. Ototoxic medications can affect everybody regardless of factors like age or gender.
All tinnitus sufferers should ask their physician andor pharmacist about the potential for ototoxic side effects before starting a new prescription. Certain substances used in the workplace, referred to generally as ototoxic substances, can impact the cochlea and nerves in the ear, leading to hearing loss over time. Ototoxic drugs, chemicals and heavy metals in the workplace. X highest ototoxic potential and is the most ototoxic drug in clinical use. Although ototoxic medications play an imperative role in. They cause temporary or permanent hearing loss in some individuals, as well as possibly tinnitus ringing in the ears and loss of balance. Ototoxicityinduced loss of hearing and inner hair cells. American academy of audiology position statement and clinical practice guidelines. List of ototoxic drugs that cause tinnitus tinnifree. There are many wellknown ototoxic drugs used in clinical situations, and they are prescribed, despite the risk of hearing disorders, to very serious health conditions. Feb 23, 2011 ototoxic synergism occurs if several ototoxic drugs are administered concurrently, potentiation of the ototoxicity is likely to occur, even when the dose of either drug is within the recommended limits. Aminoglycosides may be used in combination with penicillin in staphylococcal, streptococcal, and, especially, enterococcal endocarditis. A list of ototoxic drugs there are several drugs that can cause various levels of toxicity to the ear. Brown rd, penny je, henley cm, hodges kb, kupetz sa, glenn dw, jobe jc.
Ototoxic harmful to the ear drugs can cause temporary and sometimes permanent impairment of auditory nerve function. Medical precautions, ototoxic drugs, medications, berard. Jun, 2019 although the ototoxic effects of aminoglycosides are well documented, this class of drugs is still widely used today. Many times a particular generic drug is manufactured under several trade names. Army, for example, requires any employee exposed to known or suspected.
These include medicines used to treat serious infections, cancer, and heart disease. Occupational ototoxins ear poisons and hearing loss the problem it is a wellknown fact that hazardous noise exposure in the workplace can cause noise induced hearing loss. Drugs that produce tinnitus can be subdivided into those which produce temporary or permanent hearing loss and those which apparently do not cause any hearing loss. Possibly 75% of the ototoxic drugs have a low occurrence ototoxic effect of 1 or 2 per 1,000. Ototoxicity may be reversible or may be permanent, depending on the type of medication used, dosage and duration of treatment. Ototoxic substances are estimated to be between 5,200 and 56,000 agents. Why you should care about ototoxic medications the med. The preterm infant, ototoxic drugs, and the nicu speechies. Ototoxic synergism occurs if several ototoxic drugs are administered concurrently, potentiation of the ototoxicity is likely to occur, even when the dose of either drug is within the recommended limits. Prescription and overthecounter drugs that may hurt.
Dec 23, 2019 interactions for capastat ototoxic or nephrotoxic drugs. Some of them, like the chemotherapy drugs, are more likely to have hearingrelated side. Some medications can have ototoxic side effects, such as causing ringing in the ears, loss of balance, internal noises in the auditory system, dizziness, etc. Many chemicals have ototoxic potential, including overthecounter drugs, prescription medications, and environmental chemicals. Contributed by joy victory, managing editor, healthy hearing last updated april 29, 2020.
Concomitant or sequential use with other drugs that have ototoxic or nephrotoxic effects may result in additive toxicity and should be avoided, if possible. Ototoxic chemicals chemicals that result in hearing loss. Other, newer drugs have been implicated as ototoxic as well, but solid scientific proof is often lacking. These ototoxic medications a term that literally means poison for. The impact on hearing is not only related to the detection of sound either, but also to the discrimination of sounds, making sounds distorted, according to thais c. The third edition of ototoxic drugs exposed reveals the shocking truth about the specific eardamaging effects of more than 1,000 drugs, herbals and chemicals. The method of action of ototoxic medications differs somewhat among the various drugs. Aminoglycoside antibiotics have been an important part of. Feb 03, 2014 the preterm infant, ototoxic drugs, and the nicu this update steps a little outside of speechlanguage pathologys typical scope, but it is still something that affects us and our clients. Just as importantly, it reveals the factors that can put your ears at higher risk and explains how you can help reduce this risk in order to help protect your ears from the sneak attacks of prescription drugs. List of ototoxic medications sound relief hearing center.
Conversations in tinnitus american tinnitus association. The preterm infant, ototoxic drugs, and the nicu this update steps a little outside of speechlanguage pathologys typical scope, but it is still something that affects us and our clients. When a medication is ototoxic, it has a toxic effect on the ear or its nerve supply. Ototoxic drugs cause functional impairment andor cellular degeneration of tissues of the inner ear, and result in sensorineural hearing loss 2. American academy of audiology position statement and. There are more than 200 known ototoxic medications prescription and overthecounter on the market today.
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs nsaids most nsaids have the potential for causing hearing loss andor tinnitus. An aminoglycoside is often added to a betalactam antibiotic when serious pseudomonas. Cisplatin platinol and vincristine oncovin used to treat bladder, ovarian and testicular cancers may damage the delicate inner ear structures and cause temporary or permanent hearing loss, tinnitus, balance problems and dizziness. The effects of ototoxicity can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent. Since then, scientific studies have shown that these drugs cause ototoxicity in animals and people. Occupational ototoxins ear poisons and hearing loss. There are many wellknown ototoxic drugs used in clinical situations. Because new drugs are being frequently approved for use, it is important that you check with your doctor or pharmacist to determine if the drug you were prescribed can cause a problem.
Depending on the medication and dosage, the effects of ototoxic medications can be temporary or permanent. Pdf on jul 1, 2015, mk taneja and others published ototoxicity, drugs, chemicals, mobile phones and deafness find, read and cite all the. Another 22% have a moderate ototoxic effect and that approximately 3% have a high occurrence of 20% 200 per 1,000. This substance is found in antimalarial drugs and drugs used to relieve night cramps. Ototoxicity occurs when a person ingests chemicals or certain medications that can adversely affect the way the inner ear functions. Ototoxicityinduced loss of hearing and inner hair cells is. Just as importantly, it reveals the factors that can put your ears at higher risk, and explains how you can help reduce this risk in order to help protect your ears from the sneak. Certain prescription drugs can, over time, have an ototoxic effect on your hearing, causing hearing loss and ear ringing from tinnitus. Any drug with the potential to cause toxic reactions to structures of the inner ear, including the cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals, and otoliths, is considered ototoxic. Medications andtinnitus american tinnitus association. Ototoxic medications cause damage to the sensory cells used in hearing and balance. Certain medications and drugsboth physicianprescribed and overthe. I just bought a 798 page pdf book listing all maybe mostly all ototoxic drugs ototoxic drugs exposed 3rd edition.
When people speak of avoiding ototoxic drugs, you mainly want to be careful with the heavy ototoxic drugs such as certain antibiotics, diuretics, chemo drugs, quinine drugs etc which are known to cause hearing damage in some people, but not everyone. Druginduced ototoxicity ear, nose, and throat disorders. Ototoxic drugs include both prescription and overthecounter medications. Cisplatin, a highly effective chemotherapy agent used for testicular cancer and other solid malignancies, has been identified. Ototoxic drugs exposed reveals the shocking truth about the specific eardamaging effects of more than 920 drugs and chemicals. Trauma, surgery, direct contact with or distribution to inner ear cochlear fluids interstitial fluid and cerebral spinal fluid ototoxic drugs enter hair cells through transduction channels and it generates free radicals or cause formation of adducts. If possible before treatment with an ototoxic drug, hearing should be measured and then monitored during treatment. Definition damage to the cochlea or vestibular apparatus from exposure to a chemical source.
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